Math 447   -    Probability Theory, Section 2   -    Fall 2025  

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Last update: December 3, 2025 - 5:30 PM
NOTE that this document specifically pertains to Section 2 of the course!
Visit the HTML version of this page frequently for important changes and additions!


Math 447 Announcements

12/3/2025     a. Quiz 15 grades and selected solutions have been published.
b. I'll make an effort to release an updated anon grades spreadsheet later today. No promises.
12/2/2025     a. Finals review session has been moved to the last lecture of this semester: Fri Dec 5.
It is possible that a few minutes at the beginning will be spent on wrapping up the last topic discussed in the previous lecture.
b. Since today's in person classes will start at 1:30 PM, I have moved my office hours to 1:30 PM - 3:00 PM.
c. Reminder: Quiz 15 will be held on Wed Dec 3.
d. I plan to release an updated spreadsheet with your grades later today. You'll need your anonymous Math447 ID to find your row.
11/26/2025     Finals review session, Potential schedule change: I will quite likely have family visiting on the weekend of Dec 6/7.
If so, I will move the review to Sunday morning, 10:00-12:30. I will post an update as soon as this matter is settled.
11/25/2025     a. Quiz 14 grades and solutions for Quiz 14 and Midterm 3 have been posted.
I'll try to be at my office all day today Tuesday (7:00 - 5:00) so you can drop by and pick up your exam and quiz.
b. Finals review session will be Sun Dec 7, 1:00 PM - 3:30 PM. Location TBD, but will be in WH building.
11/21/2025     Item b below is a revision of the 11/20 post.
a. Quiz 14 will be given on Mon 11/24.
b. Revised: I have to give a makeup midterm on Mon afternoon. I cannot return your midterms and post solutions before the makeup is well underway, say, before 3:00 PM.
I'll try to be at my office on Mon afternoon until 6:15 and all day Tuesday (7:00 - 5:00) so you can drop by and pick up your exam.
I strongly advise you to do so as a final exam prep over Thanksgiving. The Monday quiz will be ready for pickup on Tuesday; maybe already on late Monday.
11/20/2025     a. The Midterm 3 grades have been posted.
b. I have to give a makeup quiz on Mon afternoon. I cannot return your quizzes and post solutions before the makeup is well underway, say, before 3:00 PM.
I'll try to be at my office on Mon afternoon until 6:15 and all day Tuesday (7:00 - 5:00) so you can drop by and pick up your exam.
I strongly advise you to do so as a final exam prep over Thanksgiving.
The Monday quiz will be ready for pickup on Tuesday;maybe already on late Monday.
c. Friday 11/21 is the deadline for requesting a makeup final due to a scheduling conflict. See the syllabus for details.
11/7/2025     You all have received an email titled "Your anonymous Math447 ID - ..." You will need it to locate your grades in an anonymous grades spreadsheet I'll post after I have graded Midterm 3
11/18/2025     Quiz 12&13 solutions and a formula sheet for Midterm 3 have been published.
11/7/2025     Quiz 12&13 grades have been published. Solutions will come on Sat 11/15
11/12/2025     Midterm 3 on Wed, Nov 19: starts at 10:00 and ends at 11:00.   •   You must wait outside until I have distributed the quizzes
  •   Scope in the narrow sense: MF ch.10.6 - 11.9 and ch.12.4, but no mixed r.v.s
  •   Effective scope: You also need to know combinatorics and how to work with the important distributions: CDF, PMFs, PDFs, MGFs, expectations, variances, ...
  •   I'll publish a reference sheet before Monday. You'll get a physical copy when you take the exam.
11/5/2025     HW13 has been published.
11/7/2025     a. Quiz 11 grades and selected solutions have been published.
b. There will be a DOUBLE QUIZ #12 and #13 on Fri 11/14. It will last at least 30 minutes and count 40 points. Be there!
11/21/2025     MF Ver 2025-11-07 has been published (both versions). Fixed error in Remark 11.18 (Sample median).
11/4/2025     HW 12 has been published.
11/3/2025     Quiz 10 grades and selected solutions have been published. Not good: Too few of you know PMFs/PDFs of the common distributions by rote!
10/31/2025     a. I updated the "Ver A #3; Ver B #2" part of the midterm solutions: The fourth entry was published as (8N)/3 and has been corrected to (8N)/9.
This was a transcription error which happened when I created the condensed solution set from my detailed solutions.
Please note that I graded your midterm according to the correct value of (8N)/9, so there will be no re-grading of that problem.
I am grateful to Hiten Malhotra from UTS who pointed out this error to me.
10/23/2025     a. Midterm 2 solutions have been re-published.
b. Quiz 09 grades and selected solutions have been published.
c. HW 11 has been published.
10/27/2025     It is possible that I will not be on time for my Tue 10/28 office hours, since I'll have a medical appointment beforehand.
If I do not make it by 10:00, it is almost guaranteed that I'll be there before 10:30 AM.
Since 10/28 is the day of the withdrawal deadline, I'll have an open door policy until at least 4:00.
It is possible that I'll at my office until 6:00 PM, but I may have to cut out for an errand at 4:00 or 5:00.
10/23/2025     a. Midterm 2 grades have been published. Selected solutions can be found near those for the quizzes
b. Recording your grades on BS involved copying them manually from a spreadsheet. Be sure to check that your BS grade matches the one you see on your exam!
c. The withdrawal deadline is Tue Oct.28. Those of you with a percentage of 50% or less of the
       •   420 points achievable so far = 160 points for 8 quizzes plus 260 points for the two midterms
   should expect a B-successful alert before the end of the weekend.
  •   You can drop by unannounced at WH 222 today (Thu 10/23) before 5:00 and/or tomorrow all day until 4:30 to discuss your concerns with me.
10/22/2025     a. HW 10 has been published.
b. MF Ver 2025-10-21 has been published (full version only). Minor fixes.
10/19/2025     a. You will find near the bottom of the course materials page a link for the formula sheet for midterm 2. Study it before you take the exam!
b. The cover page of midterm 2. is identical to that of midterm 1, except that there will be 8 problems on p.2-6.
10/17/2025     a. Quiz 08 grades and selected solutions have been published. Be sure you double-check what I marked as wrong on problem 1: It's easy to look at the wrong box on that one!
b. Reminder: The withdrawal deadline for all your courses is Tue 10/28.
c. Midterm 2 on Wed, Oct 22: starts at 10:00 and ends at 11:00.   •   You must wait outside until I have distributed the quizzes
  •   Scope: MF ch.6 (non-optional stuff only; focus on ch.6.5), ch.8 - 10.6.   •   I'll publish a reference sheet before Monday. You'll get a physical copy when you take the exam.
10/9/2025     HW 9 has been published.
10/10/2025     Quiz 07 grades and selected solutions have been published.
10/9/2025     HW 8 has been published.
10/6/2025     a. Quiz 6 solutions have been published.
b. MF Ver 2025-10-07 has been published (both versions). It replaces Ver 2025-10-05.
10/6/2025     a. HW7 now is accessible on the course site.
b. MF Ver 2025-10-05 has been published (both versions)
c. Quiz 6 grades have been published. Solutions will follow on Oct 7.
9/27/2025     a. Midterm 1 grades have been published. Selected solutions can be found near those for the quizzes
b. Recording your grades on BS involved copying them manually from a spreadsheet. Be sure to check that your BS grade matches the one you see on your exam!
9/20/2025     HW 6 has been published. Assignments are for the week after the midterm.
9/18/2025     You will find near the bottom of the course materials page links for
a. The cover page of midterm 1. It contains the instructions + the number of problems
b. The formula sheet for midterm 1. Study it before you take the exam!
9/17/2025     a. Based on an inquiry of one of your fellow students, I added an entry to the Topic = Exams items in the Q&A web page.
b. Quiz 5 grades and (selected) solutions have been posted as usual
c. Midterm 1 on Fri, Sep 26: starts at 10:00 and ends at 11:00.   •   You must wait outside until I have distributed the quizzes
  •   Scope: MF ch.1 - 5 and ch.7.   •   I'll publish a reference sheet by Tue, next week. You'll get a physical copy when you take the exam.
9/14/2025     MF ver 2025-09-14 has been published. Some changes to ch.7.
9/12/2025     a. Scope of midterm 1: MF ch.1-5 and ch.7.
b. HW 5 has been published. There will be no homework set for the week of the midterm.
9/10/2025     Makeup quiz policy: There are no provisions for a makeup quiz until you have missed 3 quizzes: Those will be discarded and do not influence your grade.
For missed quizzes 4, 5, ... there will be a makeup if there is a proper excuse. For details, please review the syllabus.
9/4/2025     MF ver 2025-09-08 has been published. Small changes to ch.5 only.
9/5/2025     a. Quiz 04 grades have been published on BS and, anonymously, on my grades page.
b. A new HW set will not be forthcoming until Thu 9/11.
9/4/2025     MF ver 2025-09-08 has been published. Small changes to ch.5 only.
9/5/2025     a. Quiz 03 grades have been published on BS and, anonymously, on my grades page.
b. Selected solutions for quiz 03: See the link at the bottom of the course materials page.
c. My Tue 9/9/25 office hours are moved to 12:00 - 1:30
9/4/2025     HW4 and MF ver 2025-09-04 have been published.
9/2/2025     Today's office hours could not be held because I had to lecture during that time. Instead, I'll hold them on Thu 9/4, 10:00 - 11:30.
8/30/2025     a. Quiz 02 grades have been published on BS and, anonymously, on my grades page.
b. Selected solutions for quiz 02: See the link at the bottom of the course materials page.
c. Version 2025-08-29 of my lecture notes has been published
d. Remember that we meet on Tue 9/2, and that date is the add/drop deadline!
8/27/2025     a. From one of your peers: Q: What is the date for quiz 2?  A: The date is Fri Aug 29. I had announced this in lecture.
The quiz will be graded before Sunday; so you'll see your grade in time before Tuesday's add/drop deadline.
b. HW 3 has been posted.
8/27/2025     a. If you come see me for help, be sure to say at the start whether you are asking about Math 330 or Math 447.
I think I just had a 447 student who asked about axioms (might have said actions and I misunderstood) and I explained to him stuff from Math 330.
My sincere apologies to that poor fellow. Be sure that it will not happen to you!
b. Scope of quiz 2: Ch.2.4 - 2.7
8/26/2025     a. Quiz 01 grades have been published on BS and, anonymously, on my grades page. One quiz wants to find its owner: only a first name was given.
b. Selected solutions for quiz 01: See the link at the bottom of the course materials page.
c. HW 2 has been published. Reading assignments for Wed Aug 27(!) and Fri Aug 29
8/23/2025     a. Revised scope of Monday's quiz: The following (discussed in lecture) also might appear on the quiz:   •   Definitions 2.26 & 2.27   •   Theorem 2.1   •   Proposition 2.5
b. Version 2025-08-24 of my lecture notes has been republished: Essential change to Notation 2.3! A skeletal version also has been published.
c. From one of your peers: Q: .... I am confused about HW 1. It says written assignments-not collected for grading, so is that just for practice?
     A: I do not collect your HW, so it is entirely up to you whether or not and when you do it. Doing it will probably improve your grade.
8/23/2025     a. Scope of Monday's quiz: Ch.1 through Remark 1.6 and Ch.2 through Remark 2.11.
b. Monday's lecture will be easier for you to grasp if you read beforehand Ch.2.4 - 2.5 and then the remainder of Ch.1.
8/17/2025     a. Version 2025-08-17 of my lecture notes has been published. The skeletal version is a condensed version without proofs, examples, and remarks.
It will be helpful when you study for exams.
b. Homework 1 was republished with some minor corrections.
5/8/2025     a. The first lecture will be on Wednesday, August 20. Don't miss it! I will hold my first office hours on Tuesday, August 19.
b. Homework about your math background (see "Homework zero" on the Homework page!) is due by email on Monday, August 25.
c. The first quiz will be administered as early as Monday, August 25.
d. I do not respond to BS (BrightSpace) messages. All written correspondence must be done by email to mfochler@binghamton.edu